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Evolution of the Human Head Hardcover – Illustrated, 24 Dec. 2010
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In one sense, human heads function much like those of other mammals. We use them to chew, smell, swallow, think, hear, and so on. But, in other respects, the human head is quite unusual. Unlike other animals, even our great ape cousins, our heads are short and wide, very big brained, snoutless, largely furless, and perched on a short, nearly vertical neck. Daniel E. Lieberman sets out to explain how the human head works, and why our heads evolved in this peculiarly human way.
Exhaustively researched and years in the making, this innovative book documents how the many components of the head function, how they evolved since we diverged from the apes, and how they interact in diverse ways both functionally and developmentally, causing them to be highly integrated. This integration not only permits the head’s many units to accommodate each other as they grow and work, but also facilitates evolutionary change. Lieberman shows how, when, and why the major transformations evident in the evolution of the human head occurred. The special way the head is integrated, Lieberman argues, made it possible for a few developmental shifts to have had widespread effects on craniofacial growth, yet still permit the head to function exquisitely.
This is the first book to explore in depth what happened in human evolution by integrating principles of development and functional morphology with the hominin fossil record. The Evolution of the Human Head will permanently change the study of human evolution and has widespread ramifications for thinking about other branches of evolutionary biology.
- Print length728 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHarvard University Press
- Publication date24 Dec. 2010
- Dimensions17.78 x 4.45 x 24.77 cm
- ISBN-100674046366
- ISBN-13978-0674046368
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Review
Daniel Lieberman has written a wonderful and inspiring book about the human head's evolution...One stands in awe at the work that has gone into it...This encyclopedic book is transformative...The morphological details in Lieberman's book make it a direct descendant of Gray's Anatomy...If a single word describes this book, it is integrative. The author integrates material from anatomy, physiology, physics, biomechanics, molecular and developmental biology, but brings all under the umbrella of evolutionary theory.--Chris McManus "Times Higher Education" (2/17/2011 12:00:00 AM)
Daniel Lieberman marshals diverse evidence to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding patterns of variation and covariation in the form, function, and phylogeny of the human head...The breadth and diversity of subject matter the volume will impart to the reader is particularly laudable. Lieberman's holistic approach is a welcome, if not requisite, strategy for addressing a multifarious biological system such as the human head. The book's focus on both hard- and soft-tissue components, consideration of how such elements correspond to one another, and comprehensive overview of external and internal influences on patterns of morphological variation and covariation clearly set the tone for how one might profitably investigate cranial evolution across all vertebrates. The introductions to myriad biological concepts, surveys of some modern approaches to outstanding paleoanthropological questions, and review of fossil evidence regarding evolutionary transformations in human skull form will enlighten readers of all backgrounds. The Evolution of the Human Head is an entertaining read...It contains a wealth of information relevant to human evolution. In doing so, it offers a wonderful entrée into many of the outstanding issues that will undoubtedly remain at the center of debates regarding human origins for years to come.--Matthew J. Ravosa "Science" (9/16/2011 12:00:00 AM)
Lieberman dives deep into the cranium, showing just how much of what we consider to be human is connected to what happens above the neck.--Carolyn Y. Johnson "Boston Globe" (1/30/2011 12:00:00 AM)
Lieberman offers acute descriptions of anatomy, embryology, physiology, and hominid fossils, while providing an exciting way to observe the relationships among structures, functions, and evolutionary variance.--Scott Vieira "Library Journal" (1/1/2011 12:00:00 AM)
This is an outstanding book. Lieberman draws from a wide variety of disciplines, including bone biology, embryology, morphometrics, functional anatomy, and paleontology to forge a masterful synthesis of the evolution of the human head. It will be the definitive reference for decades.-- "John G. Fleagle, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University"
This [is an] impressive book...This hefty and well-written book offers a scholarly breadth and attention to detail that are certainly laudable. The book is quite unusual in that it includes a comprehensive review of the soft tissues associated with cranial features and discusses them within the context of evolutionary morphology and the fossil record of the human skull. I can think of no other volume that packages the anatomy of the human head in this fashion...Lieberman's big book definitely moves us ahead in effectively synthesizing so much of what is currently understood about the structure, function and evolution of the human head.--Brian T. Shea "American Scientist" (3/1/2011 12:00:00 AM)
Lieberman's integrated approach will make his book a forum for a way of thinking in human evolution that has not yet found its equal in print.--Christopher Dean, University College London
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Harvard University Press; Illustrated edition (24 Dec. 2010)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 728 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0674046366
- ISBN-13 : 978-0674046368
- Dimensions : 17.78 x 4.45 x 24.77 cm
- Best Sellers Rank: 1,113,951 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- 441 in Human Evolution
- 1,615 in Human Biology in Popular Science
- 3,371 in Basic Medical Science (Books)
- Customer reviews:
About the author

Daniel Lieberman is Edwin M. Lerner II Professor of Biological Sciences and a professor of the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. He received degrees from Harvard and Cambridge, and taught at Rutgers University and George Washington University before joining Harvard University as a Professor in 2001. He is a member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Lieberman studies and teaches how and why the human body is the way it is, and how our evolutionary history affects health and disease. In his research he combines experimental biomechanics, anatomy, and physiology both in the lab and in the field (primarily Kenya and Mexico). He is best known for his work on the evolution of running and other kinds of physical activities such as walking and throwing, but is also well known for studying the evolution of the human head.
Lieberman loves teaching and has published over 150 peer-reviewed papers, many in journals such as Nature, Science, and PNAS, as well as three popular books, The Evolution of the Human Head (2011), The Story of the Human Body: Evolution, Health and Disease (2013), and Exercised: Why Something We Never Evolved to Do is Healthy and Rewarding (2020).
In his spare time, he enjoys running - sometimes barefoot, earning him the nickname 'the Barefoot Professor'.
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- Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 6 August 2014A superb and comprehensive account of all aspects of the human head, including its evolution by one of the world's great evolutionary anthropologists.
Top reviews from other countries
- Amazon CustomerReviewed in India on 4 May 2017
5.0 out of 5 stars Great price and delivered in good condition
Great price and delivered in good condition
- Bruce HaskellReviewed in the United States on 20 May 2019
5.0 out of 5 stars Incredible update on evolution of the head
This is one of the most comprehensive texts I've seen on this subject. I especially liked the excellent review of the of larynx and airway. In addition, it expands and does much to help to understand the mechanism of the Functional Matrix Hypothesis relating to oro-facial structures and potential influences on malocclusion. The dental section is also excellent. I wholeheartedly recommend this text. The illustrations are also very good!
- R W RReviewed in Australia on 2 November 2020
5.0 out of 5 stars The Evolution of the Human Head Book
Arrived promptly in spite of pandemic issues.Excellent condition and so far very informative and useful
- Reid M. WilsonReviewed in the United States on 1 February 2013
5.0 out of 5 stars The Evolution Of The Human Head
The Evolution of the Human Head begins with Daniel E. Lieberman highlighting the movie nonlogic of Planet of the Apes that shows apes functioning in a human manner with ape heads, which I appreciated. Lieberman demonstrates the complexity and evolvability of the head as a structure and emphasizes that the various components interact with and affect each other in development throughout the book. The book covers bone structuring, organs, senses, diet, teeth, and the characteristics of living and fossil primates. Page 40 notes the importance of the gene Runx-2 (also known as Cbfa 1) that regulates osteoblast differentiation in intramembranous bones so that elevated levels of expression cause increased rates of bone production, and the gene's absence leads to a lack of bone formation; page 40 also notes the importance of the Sox9 transcription factor for the differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes for endochondral bones. The differences in skull development from neonate to adult for the chimpanzee and the modern human are shown in Figure 4.3 on page 105, in Figure 4.7 on page 116, and in Figure 4.9 on page 125, showing the projecting effect of depository growth fields in the chimp's jaws and the nonprojecting effect of resorptive growth fields in the human's upper jaws and face and in the upper lower jaw. On page 215, Lieberman notes his interesting experiment of juvenile mini-pigs running on a treadmill everyday an hour a day for three months had thicker leg bones (which he expected) and thicker cranial vaults (which he did not expect) as a way of explaining the thinning of modern human skulls over the last few thousand years since the origins of agriculture by theorizing that exercise triggers a systemic growth response; my personal experience in running supports the experiment's results as I've concluded that the entire skeletal structure is strengthened from the strong impacts, noticing that even the neck bone feels significantly stronger from regular running. Page 248 notes the limiting effect of the derived, inactivated version of the MYH16 gene that causes smaller weaker muscles in modern humans. On page 350, Figure 9.5 shows the different positions of the foramen magnum for (a) Homo sapiens, (b) Australopithecus africanus, (c) Sahelanthropus tchadensis, and (d) Pan troglodytes. On page 555, Figure 13.7 contrasts a recent gracile modern-human skull (left, a male from Italy) with an older robust Pleistocene skull (right, Zhoukoudian, Upper Cave 101), showing the thicker, larger construction of the Pleistocene skull. On page 565, Figure 13.11 features a thin-plate spline transformation of a Homo erectus cranium (KNM-ER 3733) into a Homo heidelbergensis skull (average of Kabwe and Petralona) with arrows showing the required upward and downward directions of growth. On page 572, Figure 13.14 features a thin-plate spline transformation of a Homo heidelbergensis cranium (average of Kabwe and Petralona) into a Homo neanderthalensis skull (Monte Circeo) with arrows showing the required horizontal directions of growth. On page 575, Figure 13.16 features a thin-plate spline transformation of a Homo heidelbergensis cranium (Kabwe) into a Pleistocene Homo sapiens skull (average of Skhul V and Cro-Magnon I) with arrows showing the required upward and outward directions of growth for the cranium and the required inward contraction of the upper face. Lieberman's research also appears in "Ontogeny, Homology, And Phylogeny In The Hominid Craniofacial Skeleton: The Problem Of The Browridge" on pages 85-122 of Development, Growth and Evolution, Volume 20: Implications for the Study of the Hominid Skeleton (Linnean Society Symposium) and with Brandeis McBratney-Owen in "Postnatal Ontogeny Of Facial Position In Homo sapiens And Pan troglodytes" on pages 45-72 of Patterns of Growth and Development in the Genus Homo (Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology).
- Mark VafidesReviewed in the United States on 6 January 2022
5.0 out of 5 stars Fascinating but; very detailed
Completely enjoyed the details. May be more than most want.