Hosseinioun et al. use surveys and resumes from the USA to examine patterns of skill interdependence and identify a nested hierarchy in human capital. This structure provides insights into wage disparities and long-term wage penalties across groups.

In this Perspective the authors propose the use of implementation science methods concurrently with safety and effectiveness testing to accelerate the translation of psychedelic research into psychedelic-assisted therapy.

Pfänder and Altay conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of 67 experimental articles, showing that people discern true from false news with ease. When making mistakes, people err on the side of skepticism and rate true news as false, instead of being fooled by false news.

Xu et al. review applications of urban mobility behaviour data and propose a temporal bipartite network that reveals mobility patterns between people and places. It helps to track urban inequalities in social mixing, facility access and adaptation.

Each individual is unique and so is their brain activity. Using brain fingerprinting from functional MRI during anaesthesia, Luppi et al. find that human brains become temporarily more difficult to identify and tell apart when unconscious.

Kubota et al. find that white matter connections of ventral temporal cortex are innately organized by cytoarchitecture, category and eccentricity from birth, and also develop in parallel within each cytoarchitectonic area from infancy to adulthood.

Cheng et al. explore the universality and cultural variability in how people understand human relationships, revealing a five-dimensional framework for relationship concepts across both modern and ancient societies.

The Middle Palaeolithic of southwest Asia witnessed interactions and knowledge sharing between archaic and modern humans ~130,000–80,000 years ago. These interactions led to increased behavioural complexity and consolidation of a uniform behavioural set across Homo groups in the region.

Taxonomic incommensurability highlights the difficulty of comparing scientific theories due to differing concepts and methods. This study uses language models to create semantic embeddings of psychometric items and scales, aiding in predicting empirical relations and clarifying psychological taxonomies.

How does sleep transform the way we remember our experiences? This study finds that sleep enhances memory for the order of events from an art tour, but not the details of the events. The sleep-related advantage for sequences persists for over a year.

Mobility data can help to reconstruct infectious disease dynamics and tailor control and elimination measures. We describe three challenges and opportunities to improve our understanding of human mobility for infectious disease research. We call for simulation and modelling, reporting guidelines and investment in data repositories.

Psychology is fragmented into the study of a myriad of constructs and measures, most of which are used very rarely. This hinders cumulative knowledge generation. We call on the field to defragment psychology and prevent further fragmentation. We provide four key recommendations to achieve this and summarize the needed actions.

In this Comment, Emily Jones discusses what we can learn from archaeology about climate change resilience. The effects of climate change are complex, and successful adaptations in the past responded to local conditions. This suggests that collaborative, place-based research is key to resilience to future climate change.

Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives do not always translate across different contexts. Hye Yun Kang highlights the complexities of implementing DEI policies across cultures.

Understanding when and why laypeople adopt predictive algorithms is key to aligning technology with user needs. I propose that adoption is driven by performance expectations (as algorithms are tools designed to aid users) and outline when laypeople are likely to adopt algorithms, given their distinctive performance goals.

The growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in Africa faces a key challenge: a lack of quality data. This Comment explores datasets in agriculture, health and energy, and advocates for Afrocentric data that reflect African experiences.